A Novel Adaptive PID Controller Design for a PEM Fuel Cell Using Stochastic Gradient Descent with Momentum Enhanced by Whale Optimizer

This paper presents an adaptive PID using stochastic gradient descent with momentum (SGDM) for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) power system. PEMFC is nonlinear system that encounters external disturbances such as inlet gas pressures and temperature variations, which control law should be designed. The SGDM algorithm employed to minimize the cost function adapt parameters according perturbation changes. whale optimization (WOA) was chosen enhance rates in offline mode. proposed controller compared (PIDSGD) Ziegler Nichols tuning (PID-ZN). strategies’ robustnesses are tested under variety of temperatures loads. Unlike PIDSGD PID-ZN controllers, PIDSGDM can attain required performance, fast convergence high robustness. Simulation results Matlab/Simulink have been studied illustrate effectiveness controller.